In the previous session, we had discussed SI Engine & Otto Cycle, Diesel Cycle, Carnot cycle etc. Whereas In today's article, we will discuss about Classification of IC Engines in detailed.
But before that, we need to know about Heat Engines and its basic Classification.
Definition of Heat Engine:
Any type of engine or machine which derives heat energy from the combustion of fuel or any other sources and converts that energy into mechanical work is termed as a heat engine.
Classification of Heat Engines:
Heat engines are classified into two types.
External Combustion Engine and
Internal Combustion Engine
The detailed explanation of the above engines is as follows.
External Combustion Engine:
In this case, combustion of fuel takes place outside of the cylinder as in the case of steam engines, where the heat of combustion is employed to generate steam which is used to move a piston in a cylinder.
Ex: The steam turbine and closed-cycle gas turbine.
These engines are generally used for driving locomotives, ships, generation of electric power etc.
Internal Combustion Engine:
In this case, combustion of the fuel occurs within the cylinder of the engine. The IC Engines group includes engines employing mixture of combustible gases and air known as gas engines.
Those using lighter liquid fuel are known as Petrol Engines and those using heavier liquid fuels are known as oil compression ignition or diesel engines.
Combustion: Burning of the fuel (Air Fuel Mixture) is known as Combustion.
Now lets discuss about Classification of IC Engines...
Classification of IC Engines:
IC Engines stands for Internal Combustion Engines which can have :
Higher Overall Efficiency
Low Weight to Power Ratio
Requires less space and
has Greater Mechanical Simplicity.
The Classification of IC Engines was dependent upon its functional characteristics.
Basic Engine Design
A cycle of Operation(Working Cycle)
Number of Strokes
Type of Ignition
Method of Cooling
Method of Charging
No. of Cylinders
Cylinder Arrangement or Type of cylinder
Fuel used
Method of Fuel Supply
Engine Speed
Applications
The Detailed classification of IC Engines was presented below.
Basic Engine Design:
Reciprocating Engines
Rotary Engines (Wankel Engine)
Reciprocating Engine
Rotary Engine
Cycle of Operation (Working Cycle):
Engines working on OTTO Cycle (SI Engines)
Engines working on DIESEL Cycle (CI Engines)
Otto Cycle Diagram
Diesel Cycle Diagram
Number of Strokes:
Four-Stroke Engines
Two-Stroke Engines
Four-Stroke Engine
Two-Stroke Engine
Based On Type of Ignition:
Spark Ignition Engines: Spark Is Generated through an External Source
Compression-Ignition Engines: Air Is Heated to a Sufficiently High Temperature Because of High Compression Ratio
Method of Cooling:
Cooling Is Essential for the Satisfactory and Healthy Working Of the Engine (Otherwise Results In Engine Seizing)
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