Topics of Today
A robot is derived from the Czech word ‘robota’ which means slave labor and was invented by Karel Capek in 1917. Therefore, In this article, I will be explaining the Components of Robot along with its Advantages, Disadvantages, and Applications.
The Robot is defined as A "re-programmable, multi-functional manipulator designed to move parts, materials, tools or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks”.
Asimov (1970) in his three laws of robotics explained robots as harmless and were in the control of humans.
These are invented in order to replace humans where there is a value for human life i.e. in wars, fire fighting, etc.
The study of Robots is called robotics.
The basic components of a Robot are
These components may be assembled as one integral unit or separated into individual components which are connected by a hydraulic, pneumatic, or electrical source.
The explanation of robotic components are as follows.
The manipulator is an assembly of various axes that is capable of providing motion in various directions.
The manipulator essentially consists of Base, Shoulder swivel, Elbow extension, and wrist. [Understanding Purpose: Considering manipulator as a human being then legs of human is nothing but the base of a manipulator, Shoulder swivel, Elbow extension, and wrist are similar to humans.]
The “wrist " located at the end of the robot arm has 1 to 3 DOF (Degree of Freedom), depending on the model made.
The wrist of the robot has 3 degrees of freedom i.e. pitch, yaw, and roll axes which were shown in the figure of a manipulator.
The manipulator is powered by pneumatic cylinders or hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors to power the various axes of motion.
Feedback devices are used to measure the position and velocity of various axes of motion and send this information to the control systems for use in coordinating the robot motions.
The duty of Feedback devices is to send feedback to the Robot controller taken from the work region.
The Robot controller will check the (actual amount of work to be done) to the (work has done on the workpiece) and calculate the difference. This difference is again given to the manipulator to do the remaining work.
The sensors used in this system are vision sensor, Prismatic sensor etc.
Adaptive control for robots may be defined as the modification in its behavior such that it will adjust to the changes in it's working environment.
The main advantage of adaptive control lies in its flexibility, the ability to change the control program easily to a new function, or adjust to new parts as the need arises.
The two components that provide the Adaptive control are
The Robot Controlled Unit was already discussed…Now let's discuss the Sensor Control Unit (SCU).
The Sensor Control Unit (SCU) provides visual information about the scene to be analyzed. It takes the information about the performance of each camera, analysis the image, and transposes that information to the robot's coordinate system.
An image of an object comes through the camera lens and falls on an image plane inside the camera.
The most useful camera for machine vision is the solid-state matrix array camera, which was designed for military space use.
This camera consists of grid light-sensitive elements called pixels or picture elements. The information from this grid is acquired by scanning rapidly the entire field, line by line.
The varying light intensities associated with each pixel are then translated into varying voltage levels and transmit to the interface electronics.
Adaptive control of a robot eliminates the need for accurate fixturing of workpieces, precise fabrication tolerances of equipment, and accurate teaching of the coordinate data.
The 3D coordinate information is analyzed by the Sensor Control Unit (SCU) and sent it to the RCU (Robot Control Unit) so that action can be taken by the control unit and deliver it to the manipulator.
This is the detailed explanation for the Components of Robot. I hope you had understood. Let's see the advantages and disadvantages of Robot along with its applications.
The advantages of Robot are as follows.
The disadvantages of Robot are as follows.
The applications of Robot are as follows.
This is the detailed explanation of Robots. If you have any doubts, ask us and we will reply soon.
The main types of robots are Rectangular Coordinate (Cartesian) Robot, Cylindrical Coordinate Robot, Spherical Coordinate Robot, Jointed Spherical Robot, and SCARA.
The main components of robots are Manipulator, Power Supply, A Robot Control Unit (Control System), and the Sensor Control Unit.
The Components of a robotic arm are the shoulder, elbow, and wrist.
Scara robot has 4-axis. The 3 axes are nothing but 3 translational motion in X, Y, and Z directions, and the fourth axis will be used to rotate the tool.
More Resources:
Electrochemical Machining